Essential techniques: Probability distributions and statiscs, error analysis and error propagation, covariance, least-square fitting. Vacuum technology: gas flow equations, flow regimes, types of pumps, gauges and seals. Sensors and analog instrumentation: analog signal processing. Lock in amplifiers and applications: measurements in noise prone environments. Digital electronics: microprocessors and micro-controllers, ADC/DAC, PLCs, computer interfaces. Virtual instrumetation: General purpose instrumentation and interface, virtual instrumentation techniques and programming.

Fundamental methods in experimental physics: Coincidence techniques in time correlated measurements. Null measurements. Spectroscopy: Spectrophotometers, Laser Raman spectroscopy, Resonance spectroscopy, NMR, ESR, Mossbauer spectroscopy. Mass spectrometry and applications. Cryogenics: production, measurement, low and ultra-low temperatures using liquid nitrogen. He cryostats, adiabatic and nuclear de-magnetization, dilution refrigerators.

1. John H. Moore, Christopher C. Davis, Michael A. Coplan, Building Scientific Apparatus, Westview press Inc. 3 rd revised ed. 2002

2. G. L. Weissler, Robert Warner Carlson, Methods of Experimental Physics Vol. 14: Vacuum Physics and Technology, 1 st ed., Academic press, 1980.

3. R. V. Coleman, Methods of Experimental Physics Vol. 11: Solid State Physics, Academic press, 1974.

4. Methods of Experimental Physics Vol 22: Surfaces, Academic press, 1985.

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