Concept of fluid, Continum model, Lagrange and Eulerian description of fluid flow, continuity, momentum and energy equations, boundary layer theory, turbulent flow, Inertial

and Non Inertial frames; Fundamental Forces - Pressure Gradient Forces, Gravitational Force, Friction or Viscous Force, Apparent forces -Centrifugal Force, Coriolis force, Rossby number, Effective Gravity; Hydrostatic balance, Momentum Equations-Cartesian Coordinate System, Spherical – Polar coordinate system. Scale analysis of momentum equations. Balanced motion - Geotropic Wind, Gradient Wind, Inertial flow, Cyclostropic flow, Thermal wind, Continuity equation – Horizontal divergence, Vertical motion. Isobaric coordinate System -Transformation of momentum & continuity equations. Circulation & Vorticity – Kelvins circulation theorem, Bjerknes circulation theorem. Application to Land & Sea breeze.

Vorticity equation. Potential vorticity - Application to Lee of the mountain trough, divergence equation, linear and non-linear balance equations, scale analysis of vorticity and divergence equations for planetary and synoptic scale motions;

Atmospheric waves –sound wave, gravity wave, Rossby wave, Quasi-geostrophic analysis- quasigeostrophic omega equation,the general circulation- available potential energy,-barotropic instability, baroclinic instability, tropical dynamics .