Classification of galaxies – contents and dimensions – collisionless stellar dynamics – relaxation time, dynamical friction, violent relaxation – galactic potential and orbits – spiral density wave and Lindblad resonance – rotation curves – Tully-Fisher relation – Central Black Holes and fundamental plane relationship – Mass and Luminosity function – Press Schechter formalism – Star formation history and chemical evolution – active galaxies and activity duty cycle – galaxies at high redshift - clusters and groups – evidence of dark matter

1. L.S. Sparke and J.S. Gallagher, Galaxies in the Universe, Cambridge University Press.

2. J. Binney and S. Tremaine, Galactic Dynamics, Princeton University Press.

3. J. Binney and M. Merrifield, Galactic Astronomy, Princeton University Press.

4. A.K. Kembhavi and J.V. Narlikar, Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press.

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