Introduction to Measurement and Instrumentation, Static Characteristics of Instruments; Types of Errors, Statistical Error Analysis, Propagation of Errors; Dynamic Characteristics of Instrumentation Systems, Sensor Reliability; Basic Analog Measuring Instruments (PMMC, Electrodynamometer, Rectifier) and its use as Electronic Voltmeter and Ammeter. Wattmeter and Energy Meters; High Current/Voltage Measurement – C.T., P.T., C.V.T; Null-Based Measurement - D.C. and A.C.

Awareness of the Impact of Environment on Quality of Life: Natural resources – biological systems – bio-geochemical cycles – chemical processes; water treatment operations, water sampling, storage, quality measurement – oxygen demand – detection of pollutants – current environmental issues; pollutants, global warming, causes and consequences, air pollution, organic and inorganic air pollutants, smog – acid mine drainage, accumulation of salts in water – soil formation; micro and macro nutrients in soil, pollutants in soil – green chemistry: an alternative tool for reducing pollution – engin

Boolean Algebra, Standard Representation, and Minimization Procedures: Logic families, combinational circuits, asynchronous and synchronous sequential circuits, Memories, PROMs and PLAs. Introduction to VLSI systems - CMOS logic - MOS transistor theory - Layout design rules - Circuit characterization and performance estimation - Circuit simulation - Combinational and sequential circuit design - Static and dynamic CMOS gates - Memory system design - Design methodology and tools - HDL. Design of FPRG, Complex CMOS design.

1. Design and implementation of combinational circuits using basic gates for arbitrary functions, code converters, parity generator / checker, magnitude comparator etc.
2. Design and implementation of application using multiplexers, Decoders/encoders.
3. Design and implementation of synchronous & asynchronous sequential circuit.
4. FPGA and Programming.

Analog Electronics

Social Science: Introduction to sociology, anthropology – social science research design and sampling.

Ethics: Professional and personal ethics – values & norms and human rights.

Review of Maxwell’s Equations – Boundary Conditions – Pointing Vector.

Electromagnetic Waves: Wave equation & Uniform Plane waves – Plane waves in lossy and lossless mediums – Normal and oblique incidences of plane waves.

Transmission Line Theory: LCR model for transmission lines – Analogy with wave equations – characteristics of lossless lines – VSWR, Impedance matching – Smith chart – Case study.

Time domain analysis: Transients in electrical circuits - RL, RC and RLC circuits, DC and AC circuits, switched capacitor circuits, conservation of charge, passive filters, resonance in networks, magnetic circuits and magnetically coupled circuits.

Laplace domain analysis: Laplace transform basics, initial and final value theorems, properties of Laplace transforms, initial value problems, applications of Laplace transforms for networks solving

Two-port networks, graph theory and network synthesis.

Time Complexity Analysis: Big-Oh, Big-Omega, and Big-Theta notations. Data Types and Abstract Data Types (ADTs):Various types of ADTs such as List, Set, Queue, Circular Queue, Trees, Graphs, etc.2-3 Trees, Red-Black Trees, Binary Trees, Search Trees, N-ary Trees. Graph Traversals and Searching:BFS (Breadth-First Search), DFS (Depth-First Search), Spanning Tree, Minimum Spanning Tree, Paths, Shortest Paths, TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem). Data Structures for Maintaining Ranges, Intervals, and Disjoint Sets with Applications.

Selection of materials – structure of solids, crystal structure – defects in crystals, free energy concept – alloying – principles of solidification – phase diagrams – concept of heat treatment – properties of materials, mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties – testing of materials – semiconductor materials – ceramics, synthesis and processing – polymers, classification, mechanism of formation, structure property relations, characterization – composites, classification, factors influencing properties, processing.