Elective III
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Elective II
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Elective I
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Summer Internship and Training
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Atmospheric Thermodynamics and Cloud Physics
Basic concepts, composition of the atmosphere, equation of state, hydrostatic equilibrium, first law of thermodynamics, application of first law, entropy, second law, heat capacity, dry adiabatic processes, transfer processes, moist thermodynamic processes in atmosphere, static stability, cloud characteristics and processes, Global energy and entropy balances, thermodynamic feedback in the climate system, thermodynamic diagrams.
Radiation Processes in Atmosphere
The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation; Solid angle, Fundamental of radiometric quantities, Concepts of scattering, absorption and polarization of radiation, Quantitative description of radiation; Blackbody Radiation: The Plank Function, Wiens displacement Law, The StefanBoltzmann Law; Kirchoff’s Law, Radiative equilibrium.
Absorption line profiles: Line formation and line shape, Absorption and emission by gas molecules, Physics of scattering and absorption by particles, Rayleigh Scattering, Raman Scattering, Lorentz-Mie theory of light scattering, Geometric Optics.
Earth Resources and Tectonic Systems
Internal Structure of Earth:
Introduction to Earth and formation theories. Seismicity and earth’s interior. Compositional and
Rheological divisions of Earth; crust, mantle and core; discontinuities. Mineralogy and Earth
Resources. Minerals, ores, petroleum, coal and natural gas- their origin, structure and composition,
accumulation/migration, source/reservoir rocks, distribution in space and time. General physical,
chemical and optical properties of common rock forming minerals.
Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary Petrology:
Physical and Dynamical Oceanography
Unit I:
Physical properties of Sea water, density of sea water, density parameters, specific volume
anomaly, Temperature, Salinity, Cholorinity and their determination, distribution of temperature,
salinity and density in space and time, The oceanic Mixed Layer and Thermocline, Sea level
variation, acoustical and optical properties of sea water, Formation and classification of water
masses, T-S diagram and Water masses of the world ocean.